氣泡飲料開罐聲能否註冊聲音商標?
歐盟普通法院2021年Ardagh Metal Beverage Holdings案
楊智傑/雲林科技大學 科技法律研究所 教授
聲音也可以聲請商標。2018年德國一家飲料罐製作公司,將一段長14秒的氣泡飲料開罐聲音,向歐盟智財局聲請商標。但歐盟智財局認為其欠缺識別性,駁回其申請。2021年7月,歐盟普通法院做出Ardagh Metal Beverage Holdings案判決,維持歐盟智財局決定,同時也提出了聲音商標識別性的認定標準。
2018年,德國專門生產瓶罐的Ardagh Metal Beverage Holdings公司,提出一件聲音商標的申請案(申請號17912475[4])。其聲音總共為14秒,文字描述為「打開飲料罐發出的聲音,然後是大約一秒鐘的沉默和持續大約九秒鐘的嘶嘶聲」。至於聲音內容,可以參考註腳4的網頁連結。申請人指定使用於各種飲料罐,和儲存、運送的金屬容器[5]。
歐盟智財局於2019年駁回該案申請,申請人不服,並向智財局的上訴委員會(Board of Appeals)提出救濟,但救濟委員會仍然駁回該申請[6]。因此,申請人向歐盟普通法院提起上訴,要求撤銷歐盟智財局之決定。
Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 on the Community trade mark, Article 4(“A Community trade mark may consist of any signs capable of being represented graphically, particularly words, including personal names, designs, letters, numerals, the shape of goods or of their packaging, provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.”).
Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 on the European Union trade mark, Article 4(“An EU trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of: (a)...(b)being represented on the Register of European Union trade marks (‘the Register’), in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.”).
Alexander Von Mühlendahl, Sound marks in the European Union: General Court rules for the first time on registration of sound mark submitted in audio format, July 29, 2021, World Trademark Review, https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/enforcement-and-litigation/sound-marks-in-the-european-union-general-court-rules-the-first-time-registration-of-sound-mark-submitted-in-audio-format.
Case T-668/19, Ardagh Metal Beverage Holdings GmbH & Co. KG v European Union Intellectual Property Office, ECLI:EU:T:2021:420, paras 1-3 (Juky 7, 2021).
Id. paras 5-6.
Case T-668/19, Ardagh Metal Beverage Holdings GmbH & Co. KG v European Union Intellectual Property Office, ECLI:EU:T:2021:420 (Juky 7, 2021).