商業上使用之標誌或包裝不但可註冊成為商標,亦可申請設計保護,故商標及設計制度往往能為企業經營帶來雙重保障。然而,不可避免地,兩者制度也極容易發生扞格,特別是相似的標誌或包裝各為不同權利人所有時。本文透過歐盟普通法院判決(T‑695/15)以及歐洲法院判決(C‑693/17 P),闡述歐盟法院(Court of Justice of the European Union)如何處理商標及設計保護的衝突問題。
圖片來源:pixabay
BMB sp. z o.o.(以下稱「BMB」)於2007年向EUIPO註冊系爭設計獲准(第826680-0001號),並指定使用於糖果盒與容器(羅卡諾國際分類09.03),SpA Ferrero(以下稱「Ferrero」)遂於2011年援引三項先前權利,聲請宣告系爭設計無效,其中包括Ferrero於1974年註冊且於法國境內有效的據爭商標(第405177號),指定使用之商品包括「糖果」(尼斯分類30)。
French code de la propriété intellectuelle (Intellectual Property Code), Article L713-3, “Save where the owner has consented, the following shall be prohibited if there is a risk that they might lead to confusion in the mind of the public:
(a) the reproduction, use or affixing of a mark, or the use of a mark which has been reproduced, in respect of goods or services similar to those for which the mark is registered;
(b) the imitation of a mark or the use of an imitated mark, in respect of goods or services identical with, or similar to, those for which the mark is registered.”
CDR Article 25, “1. A Community design may be declared invalid only in the following cases:
…
(e) if a distinctive sign is used in a subsequent design, and Community law or the law of the Member State governing that sign confers on the right holder of the sign the right to prohibit such use.”
Judgment No 2008/10106 of 6 November 2009 of the Third Chamber of the tribunal de grande instance de Paris (Regional Court, Paris, France).