Hatch-Waxman法案,修正了聯邦食品藥物暨化妝品法案(Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act ) 並新增505(j)條規定。依照505(j)條規定的簡易新藥上市程序(Abbreviated New Drug Application,ANDA),先前取得上市許可之原廠新藥之相對應之學名藥,向FDA申請上市時,無須再提出完整新藥申請資料new drug application (NDA) 。ANDA程序之所以可以簡化資料的提出,係FDA參考先前許可新藥申請之資料,並依據先前FDA審核新藥所得到安全性與有效性的資料,藉此來核准相對應之學名藥。
有關ANDA核准的期間的長短,部分與原廠新藥的專利權有關。由於法規要求,原廠新藥申請人應該將NDA程序中主體的藥品之專利包含於NDA申請資訊中,因此當FDA核准新藥上市後,就會將核准藥品的專利資訊公佈於FDA出版的『具有等效性評估之核准藥品目錄』中,即Approved Drug product with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations),也就是俗稱之橘皮書。在FD&C 法案中更進一步要求以ANDA程序申請上市之學名藥,其申請人必須就其相對應原廠新藥中列於橘皮書上的每一個專利,個別提出一份聲明書。該聲明書中,必須就學名藥符合下列任何一項的情況,作出說明:
Between 1984 and 2003, section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) of the FDCA provided that:
[i]f the [abbreviated new drug] application contains a certification described in subclause (IV) of paragraph (2)(A)(vii) [otherwise known as a “paragraph IV certification” [FN7]] and is for a drug for which a previous application has been submitted under this subsection continuing [sic “containing”] such a certification, the application shall be made effective not earlier than one hundred and eighty days after- (I) the date the Secretary receives notice from the applicant under the previous application of the first commercial marketing of the drug under the previous application, or (II) the date of a decision of a court in an action described in clause (iii) holding the patent which is the subject of the certification to be invalid or not infringed, whichever is earlier. [FN8]
Put another way, the first [FN9] generic applicant to file an ANDA containing a paragraph IV certification was to be awarded 180 days of exclusivity, during which FDA could not approve a subsequent ANDA that challenged a patent for the same drug product. The 180 days was calculated from either the date of the first commercial marketing of the generic drug product by the first applicant (with a paragraph IV certification) or the date of a court decision declaring the patent invalid or not infringed, whichever was earlier.
Section 505(j)(5)(B)(iv) now provides that:[i]f the [abbreviated new drug] application contains a certification described in paragraph (2)(A)(vii)(IV) [a paragraph IV certification] and is a drug for which a first applicant has submitted an application containing such a *337 certification, the application shall be made effective on the date that is 180 days after the date of the first commercial marketing of the drug (including the commercial marketing of the listed drug) by any first applicant.
Erika King Lietzan , A BRIEF HISTORY OF 180-DAY EXCLUSIVITY UNDER THE HATCH-WAXMAN AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT, 59 Food & Drug L J. 287 (2004)