本文藉由Glaxo Wellcome, Inc. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2004) 案件[1]來看看禁反言對於抗憂鬱藥物專利的權利範圍所造成的影響,文末會一併附上我國專利師考試的相關情報。
圖片來源 : shutterstock、達志影像
本案的背景為被告Impax藥廠向FDA提出了Wellbutrin®及Zyban®兩種學名藥許可之簡易新藥上市程序,於是專利權人葛蘭素史克 (GlaxoSmithKline) 藥廠向美國北加州(Northern District of California)地方法院提出專利侵權訴訟。地院經過即決判審(summary judgment)後認為被告Impax藥廠未侵害系爭專利,原告葛蘭素史克藥廠不服判決,提出上訴。
1. A controlled sustained release tablet comprising 25 to 500 mg of bupropion hydrochloride and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to one part of bupropion hydrochloride being 0.19 to 1.1 and said tablet having a surface to volume ratio of 3:1 to 25:1 cm.sup.-1 and said tablet having a shelf life of at least one year at 59.degree. to 77.degree. F. and 35 to 60% relative humidity, said tablet releasing between about 20 and 60 percent of bupropion hydrochloride in water in 1 hour, between about 50 and 90 percent in 4 hours and not less than about 75 percent in 8 hours.
14. A controlled sustained release tablet comprising an admixture of 100 mg of bupropion hydrochloride and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose which after oral administration of a single one of said tablets in adult men produces plasma levels of bupropion as free base ranging between the minimum and maximum levels as shown in FIG. 5 over twenty four hours.
18. A sustained release tablet containing a mixture of (a) 100 mg of bupropion hydrochloride and (b) means for releasing between about 25 and 45% of bupropion hydrochloride in one hour, between 60 and 85% in 4 hours and not less then 80% in eight hours in distilled water said means comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
在107年專利師考試的專業英文中,選擇題第24題:Which of the following is not a limitation on the application of the doctrine of equivalent?
(A) file wrapper estoppel
(B) dedication to the public rule (the disclosure-dedication rule)
(C) prosecution history estoppel
(D) the long-felt-but-unfulfilled-need doctrine
答案(A)、(C)都與禁反言有關,可以限制均等論。而答案(D)長久未解決的需求是無法限制均等論的[7],所以(D)才是本題的答案。
備註:
Glaxo Wellcome, Inc. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc., 356 F.3d 1348, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2004).