A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) from about 10% to about 40% by weight of cinacalcet HCl in an amount of from about 20 mg to about 100 mg;
(b) from about 45% to about 85% by weight of a diluents(稀釋劑) selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, sucrose, methyl dextrins, and mixtures thereof,
(c) from about 1% to about 5% by weight of at least one binder(黏合劑) selected from the group consisting of povidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; and
(d) from about 1% to 10% by weight of at least one disintegrant(崩解劑) selected from the group consisting of crospovid[o]ne, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and mixtures thereof,
wherein the percentage by weight is relative to the total weight of the composition, and wherein the composition is for the treatment of at least one of hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphonia, hypercalcemia, and elevated calcium phosphorus product.
馬庫西式 (Markush Type) 是一種申請專利範圍的撰寫方式,用以將屬於同一群組的許多組成包含在同一項的申請專利範圍請求項內,其通常是以「選自於由A、B 以及C 所組成的群組」(“selected from the group consisting of A, B and C”)的形式表達[5]。當專利元件範圍太廣或不明確時,馬庫西形式請求項可用來克服可專利性的審查。
DELAWARE聯邦地院判決
DELAWARE聯邦地院將binder和disintegrant的馬庫西群組解釋為「封閉於未列舉的 (closed to unrecited) binders和disintegrants」。即「如果被告的ANDA產品包含未列舉的binder或disintegrant,則不會有文義侵權」。
(a) from about 10% to about 40% by weight of cinacalcet HCl in an amount of from about 20 mg to about 100 mg;
Cinacalcet HCl
Cinacalcet HCl
Cinacalcet HCl
Cinacalcet HCl
(b) from about 45% to about 85% by weight of a diluents(稀釋劑) selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, starch, dicalcium phosphate, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, sucrose, methyl dextrins, and mixtures thereof,
(c) from about 1% to about 5% by weight of at least one binder(黏合劑) selected from the group consisting of povidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(羥丙基甲基纖維素), hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof;
Opadry Clear YS-1-7006 (HPMC(羥丙基甲基纖維素), PEG(聚乙二醇) 400 and PEG 8000)
Povidone(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)
Pregelatinized Starch
Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose(羥丙基纖維素)
(d) from about 1% to 10% by weight of at least one disintegrant(崩解劑) selected from the group consisting of crospovid[o]ne, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and mixtures thereof,
請求項記載了「至少一種(at least one)」binder或disintegrant是「選自由各種賦形劑所組成的集團(selected from the group consisting of)」。這些限制僅要求那些特定的binder或disintegrant符合指定的重量百分比,這與整體組成物包含其他binder或disintegrant並不矛盾。請求項的簡明用語 (plain language) 要求「至少一種」馬庫西成員,並不當然表示申請專利範圍之配方中僅有的binder和disintegrant是群組中所列的那些。CAFC沒有在說明書或審查歷史中發現得出不同結論的充分依據。
美國的藥品專利連結制度,學名藥可透過簡易新藥申請(Abbreviated New Drug Application, ANDA)而無須進行臨床試驗來獲得許可。如果被仿製的品牌藥在稱為橘皮書(Orange Book)的「具療效相等性評估之許可藥品目錄(Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations)」上表列相關專利,學名藥申請人想在專利到期前獲得許可,必須在申請時提交Paragraph IV聲明該專利無效,或其學名藥沒有侵權該專利。以Paragraph IV申請ANDA會被視為專利侵權行為,新藥許可持有人可在收到通之後45天內提起侵權訴訟,訴訟使FDA自動啟動30個月暫停核發學名藥許可。
Amgen Inc. v. Amneal Pharm. LLC, 328 F. Supp. 3d 373 (D. Del. 2018) (“Decision”), Civ. No. 16-853-MSG, p. 10, 14-19, 22-27, 29-35, 38-42。
HPMC acts as a wet granulation binder by sticking different types of particles together, forming a granule from the inside, out. Amgen Inc. v. Amneal Pharm. LLC, 328 F. Supp. 3d 373 (D. Del. 2018) (“Decision”), Civ. No. 16-853-MSG, p. 14
Opadry acts as a wet granulation binder by spreading and surrounding the drug and excipient particles, forming a granule from the outside, in. Amgen Inc. v. Amneal Pharm. LLC, 328 F. Supp. 3d 373 (D. Del. 2018) (“Decision”), Civ. No. 16-853-MSG, p. 15