歐盟1998年設計保護指令(Directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs),乃是要求歐盟各會員國的國內設計法規。其中,設計保護指令第14條規定:「等到歐盟執委會根據本指令第18條規定提出本指令的修正提案通過前,各會員國應該維持現有設計法規中,為了維修複合產品使其回復原來產品外觀,而使用零組件設計的規定;如果要修法,也只能基於開放該零組件市場的目的而修法。[2]」但是該指令並沒有強迫各會員國一定要通過複合產品的維修豁免條款,只是規定,若要修改國內設計法規,一定要朝向開放備用零件市場的方向進行修法。
EU Directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs, Article 14(“Transitional provision. Until such time as amendments to this Directive are adopted on a proposal from the Commission in accordance with the provisions of Article 18, Member States shall maintain in force their existing legal provisions relating to the use of the design of a component part used for the purpose of the repair of a complex product so as to restore its original appearance and shall introduce changes to those provisions only if the purpose is to liberalise the market for such parts.”).
European Commission, Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs {SEC(2004) 1097}, Brussels, 14.9.2004, COM(2004) 582 final.
Id. at 12.
ECAR, The Repairs Clause, http://www.ecar-alliance.eu/the-repairs-clause/.