本文以Duramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Paddock Laboratories, Inc.(Fed. Cir. 2011)案[1]來了解禁反言對於荷爾蒙替代療法藥物專利的權利範圍所造成的影響。
圖片來源 : shutterstock、達志影像
案件背景
本案被告為Paddock學名藥廠,因為向美國由食品藥物管理局 (FDA) 提出了Cenestin® (一種結合型雌性激素) 的學名藥許可之簡易新藥上市程序 (ANDA) ,原告Duramed藥廠於是向美國紐約南區的地方法院 (the Southern District of New York) 提出專利侵權訴訟,主張被告Paddock學名藥廠侵害了系爭專利的申請專利範圍1、4、6至8項之均等範圍 (doctrine of equivalents) ,然而,地方法院經過判決後認定本案件有禁反言 (estoppel) 的適用,被告Paddock學名藥廠不侵害系爭專利。原告Duramed藥廠不服地方法院的判決,遂提出上訴。
1. A pharmaceutical composition in a solid, unit dosage form capable of oral administration for the hormonal treatment of peri - menopausal, menopausal and post - menopausal disorders in a woman comprising:
conjugated estrogens coated onto one or more organic excipients forming a powdered conjugated estrogen composition where said composition is substantially free of inorganic excipients and further comprises about 30-70% gel - forming organic excipient and about 30-70% non - gel forming organic excipient by weight and having less than about 2.5% free water by weight and greater than 2.5% total water wherein said solid unit dosage form is coated with a moisture barrier coating comprising ethylcellulose.
禁反言,或稱申請歷史禁反言 (prosecution history estoppel) ,是指專利權人於申請過程中或維護專利的過程中所做出的修正、更正或申復,導致申請專利範圍限縮,之後不得再次主張此部分的權利,若使專利權人可以再次主張其所放棄的部分,則將使申請專利範圍更加不確定[3]。在本案件中,Duramed藥廠為了迴避先前技術,於申請過程中作出系爭專利申請專利範圍之減縮,因此有申請歷成禁反言的適用,Duramed藥廠需極力舉證以推翻其所受之禁反言拘束。